Short Course on Computer Simulation and Artificial Intelligence

Memo

Presented by Dr Paolo Zannetti, QEP, President of The EnviroComp Institute, USA and EnviroComp Consulting, Inc., USA, and Invited Speakers Since the very beginning, in the late 1940s, computers have been used not only for storage, organization and analysis of data, but also for simulation and forecasts. For example, the idea of using computer models for weather forecasting was initiated at the US Weather Bureau headquarters in January 1946, and the first operational computer-generated forecasts were issued in May 1955. Since then, the science of computer simulation has expanded exponentially. Today, all fields of science and engineering are investigated via computer simulation, especially those fields (e.g., astronomy and climate) where actual physical experiments in laboratory conditions are impossible (or too expensive). Recently, the cost-effective use of Artificial Intelligence tools has boomed, thus allowing a more user-friendly use of computers for data analysis and simulation. Once a computer program correctly simulates a physical system, the same program can be used to evaluate "what if" scenarios, thus providing valuable information to decision makers. For example, the same model that correctly simulated the sinking of Venice due to historical underground water extraction can be used to simulate a possible reversal phenomenon with future injection of water underground. Computer models can also be used in forecasting mode to predict short-term or long-term events. For example, a global atmospheric circulation model can simulate the trajectory and impact of an accidental radioactive release (e.g., from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant) on a scale of hours/days, and an econometric model can simulate the evolution of selected parameters (e.g., inflation, GNP) over a scale of months/years. Monte Carlo methods can be added to simulation models to include variations and uncertainties, thus obtaining a spectrum of likely results, instead of a unique solution. Recently, Artificial Intelligence tools have revolutionized the use of computers, offering increasingly user-friendly tools and valuable automatic interpretations of data and trends. Computer simulation has expanded to cover every aspect of our lives. Traffic models provide drivers in real time with the best alternative routes. Large entities (e.g., hospitals, amusement parks) rely on computer models to operate, purchase and store products, and optimize operations. Often, even a minor change suggested by a computer optimization program can provide improved efficiency and millions of dollars in savings. These developments have created the need for specialized experts to develop models and algorithms, run the computer codes, and interpret the results. These fields are a significant job opportunity for a new generation of scientists. The objective of this course is to introduce the basic concepts of computer simulation and Artificial Intelligence by exploring their current use in different fields. Without addressing complex mathematical details, this course will provide a good introduction and a general view of methods, applications, and job opportunities in this growing field. Special attention will be given to practical Artificial Intelligence tools. Target audience This course is targeted to both young scientists, who are considering and evaluating different possible career fields, and managers, who want to achieve a better understanding of current trends and business opportunities.